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Download paper KB - Publication details - Related blog post. September - In response to the somewhat paradoxical combination of increasing diversity in the global workforce and the resurgence of nationalism in an era of global mobility, this article aims to uncover how employees on international assignments respond to exposure to new cultures.
August - The field of cross-cultural leadership has seen a boom in empirical research over the last few decades, yet we know very little about actual leadership behavior. Extant research has provided knowledge and awareness about differences and similarities in leadership attitudes, ideals, perceptions and preferences across countries and cultures. Findings from 1, leaders in 22 countries are presented and discussed.
The respondents have ranked their preferred action alternatives for each of six leadership scenarios. The inter-country differences in action intent were significantly correlated with the culturally endorsed GLOBE leadership dimensions, supporting implicit leadership theory.
Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of leadership scenarios in large-scale multi-country research and help shape a more fine-grained understanding of how leaders from different national cultures are likely to behave in common and salient leadership situations.
August - Over the last 10 years, the use of experimental methods has received an increasing level of attention in the field of Management and International Business. Editors of major journals have encouraged its use. However, experimental research is still under-represented in the field of International Management and is even rarer in language research.
Having said this, the topic of language has been studied in Cross-cultural Psychology, Psycho-linguistics, International Marketing and Cognitive Science, where experiments are used frequently. The current experimental language research in International Management has been influenced by these disciplines. The objective of this chapter is not to explain how to design experimental research per se.
Readers can identify many books and articles that offer detailed explanations on how to conduct experimental research. Instead, we first review the present use of experimental design in language research and then provide some explanations as to why experiments are rarely used. Using this information as the baseline for the present application of experimental methods in language research, we then illustrate how this method can be applied more broadly to advance research in the field.
The most important of these new data sources are Microsoft Academic , Crossref and Dimensions Whereas Microsoft Academic has received some attention from the bibliometric community, there are as yet very few studies that have investigated the coverage of Crossref or Dimensions.
Overall, this first small-scale study suggests that, when compared to Scopus and the Web of Science, Crossref and Dimensions have a similar or better coverage for both publications and citations, but a substantively lower coverage than Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic. If our findings can be confirmed by larger-scale studies, Crossref and Dimensions might serve as good alternatives to Scopus and the Web of Science for both literature reviews and citation analysis.
However, Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic maintain their position as the most comprehensive free sources for publication and citation data. April - Academics and universities worldwide have increasingly been subjected to monitoring and evaluation of research outputs. Research impact has become a buzzword and the use of metrics for research evaluation has become an integral part of the academic landscape.
A reversal of this trend, however, is unlikely; it is therefore important for academics to be aware of these debates. This chapter therefore provides a brief introduction into research impact, based on my academic research in the area, February - Drawing on 50 semi-structured interviews in a case study of a Belgian multinational and its foreign subsidiary in Poland, we develop new insights into how using different types of international assignments long-term expatriation, short-term expatriation, short-term inpatriation allows a HQ-subsidiary dyad to transfer different types of knowledge declarative, procedural, axiomatic, relational , both from and to HQ, during and after the assignment.
We show how each type of assignment acts as a unique knowledge transfer channel, and why it is critical that HQ-subsidiary dyads use an appropriate combination and sequence of international assignments reflecting their specific knowledge transfer needs.
February - When conducting inter- and cross-cultural research projects, scholars face a myriad of challenges that reach beyond those encountered in domestic research. In this chapter, we describe the challenges related to doing international survey research and provide possible solutions, thus putting forward suggestions for improving the quality of international survey research. Whereas intercultural investigation is not limited to survey research and includes a range of other quantitative and also qualitative methods of data collection see Marschan-Piekkari and Welch, for a good overview , we focus our discussion on the collection of intercultural data through questionnaires.
We will structure our discussion along the various stages of a research project, referring to study population and data access, survey development, data collection, data analysis, and finally publication of the results. Download paper free access - Publication details - Read online as white paper - Related blog post. October - Men are overrepresented in senior academic positions in Economics Teunissen and Hogendoorn, For instance, Hsieh et al.
To shed light on this phenomenon and to present insight into possible interventions, we provide a conceptual and empirical analysis of the factors underlying gender differences in career advancement in Economics, drawing on the latest research in the behavioural sciences.
Download paper KB - Publication details. August - Intensified competition means that multinational enterprises MNEs are increasingly concerned with locating innovation activities in the most appropriate locations. Thus far, however, our understanding of this transformation process is limited. To better understand how these waves have evolved over time, we focus on the South and trace the process of change using a single historical case study: AstraZeneca in China between and We find evidence of idiosyncratic location-bound conditions offering both opportunities and resources.
One minute video presentation about this work. February - Multinational corporations often assign expatriates who share an ethnicity with host country employees termed ethnically similar expatriates to work on international assignments.
Although sharing an ethnicity with local employees can be an advantage, it also creates a unique identity challenge. Drawing on self-verification theory, we explain why people desire to achieve congruence between how they view their own identity and how others view this identity. We also illustrate how unfulfilled ethnic identity self-verification affects ethnically similar expatriates, local employees and their interactions.
Our study, thus, introduces a new angle to understand expatriate-local employee interactions and advances self-verification research by demonstrating the challenges in achieving ethnic identity self-verification when two social parties share an ethnicity. June - We investigate the coverage of Microsoft Academic MA just over a year after its re-launch. A second, large scale, comparison for academics across the five main disciplinary areas confirms that citation coverage for GS and MA is quite similar for four of the five disciplines.
It would be desirable for other researchers to verify our findings with different samples before drawing a definitive conclusion about MA coverage. However, based on our current findings we suggest that, only one year after its re-launch, MA is rapidly become the data source of choice; it appears to be combining the comprehensive coverage across disciplines, displayed by GS, with the more structured approach to data presentation, typical of Scopus and WoS.
The phoenix seems to be ready to leave the nest, all set to start its life into an adulthood of research evaluation. Download paper 1 MB - Publication details. May - A fast growing number of studies demonstrates that language diversity influences almost all management decisions in modern multinational corporations. Whereas no doubt remains about the practical importance of language, the empirical investigation and theoretical conceptualization of its complex and multifaceted effects still presents a substantial challenge.
To summarize and evaluate the current state of the literature in a coherent picture informing future research, we systematically review articles on language in international business. For each of these dimensions, we then put forward a future research agenda. We encourage scholars to transcend disciplinary boundaries and to draw on, integrate, and test a variety of theories from disciplines such as psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience to gain a more profound understanding of language in international business.
We advocate more multi-level studies and cross-national research collaborations and suggest greater attention to potential new data sources and means of analysis. May - Employing expatriates who share an ethnicity with host country employees HCEs is a widespread expatriate selection strategy. However, little research has compared how expatriates and HCEs perceive this shared ethnicity. Download paper 1. November - The main objective of this paper is to empirically test whether the identification of highly-cited documents through Google Scholar is feasible and reliable.
To this end, we carried out a longitudinal analysis to , running a generic query filtered only by year of publication to minimise the effects of academic search engine optimisation. This gave us a final sample of 64, documents 1, per year. They do not compromise the ability of Google Scholar to identify the highly-cited papers. Multinationals often choose ethnically similar expatriates for assignments, assuming these expatriates can more effectively acquire knowledge from local employees.
Thus, understanding the specific challenges that endanger the realization of this potential is crucial. Our survey, administered to a sample of expatriate-local employee dyads working in China, reveals that both ethnically similar and ethnically different expatriates acquire more local knowledge when EIC is high.
November - In this article, we compare publication and citation coverage of the new Microsoft Academic with all other major sources for bibliometric data: Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Web of Science, using a sample of academics in five broad disciplinary areas: Life Sciences, Sciences, Engineering, Social Sciences, and Humanities.
When using the more conservative linked citation counts for Microsoft Academic, this data-source provides higher citation counts than both Scopus and the Web of Science for Engineering, the Social Sciences, and the Humanities, whereas citation counts for the Life Sciences and the Sciences are fairly similar across these three databases.
Google Scholar still reports the highest citation counts for all disciplines. When using the more liberal estimated citation counts for Microsoft Academic, its average citations counts are higher than both Scopus and the Web of Science for all disciplines.
For the Life Sciences, Microsoft Academic estimated citation counts are higher even than Google Scholar counts, whereas for the Sciences they are almost identical. Overall, this first large-scale comparative study suggests that the new incarnation of Microsoft Academic presents us with an excellent alternative for citation analysis. We therefore conclude that the Microsoft Academic Phoenix is undeniably growing wings; it might be ready to fly off and start its adult life in the field of research evaluation soon.
When preparing this note, I was reminded of Cargo Cult Science, a Caltech commencement address by Physicist Richard Feynman Feynman, , which — more than four decades ago — makes many of the same points, including the pervasive problem of a lack of replication studies, which will be the topic of this short rejoinder.
Conducting replication studies is more difficult in International Business IB than it is in many other disciplines. For instance in Psychology — a discipline that favours experimental research — one might be able to replicate a particular study within weeks or, in some cases, even days. Moreover, most journals in our field only publish articles with novel research findings and a strong theoretical contribution, and are thus not open to replication studies. To date, most studies in IB are therefore unique and are never replicated.
This is regrettable, because even though difficult, replication is even more essential in IB than it is in domestic studies, because differences in cultural and institutional environments might limit generalization from studies conducted in a single home or host country.
Somehow though, pleas for replication studies — however well articulated and however often repeated — seem to be falling on deaf ears. Academics are only human, and many humans learn best from personal stories and examples, especially if they evoke vivid emotions or associations. I present two short case studies from my own research: one in which the lack of replication resulted in the creation of myths, and another in which judicious replication strengthened arguments for a new — less biased — measure of research performance.
Finally, I will provide a recommendation on how to move forward that can be implemented immediately without the need for a complete overhaul of our current system of research dissemination. June - In comparison to the many dozens of articles reviewing and comparing coverage of the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, the bibliometric research community has paid very little attention to Microsoft Academic Search MAS.
Recently, however, Microsoft introduced a new service — Microsoft Academic — built on content that search engine Bing crawls from the web. This article assesses Microsoft Academic coverage through a detailed comparison of the publication and citation record of a single academic for each the four main citation databases: Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, the Web of Science, and Scopus.
Overall, this first small-scale case study suggests that the new incarnation of Microsoft Academic presents us with an excellent alternative for citation analysis. If our findings can be confirmed by larger-scale studies, Microsoft Academic might well turn out to combine the advantages of broader coverage, as displayed by Google Scholar, with the advantage of a more structured approach to data presentation, typical of Scopus and the Web of Science. If so, the new Microsoft Academic service would truly be a Phoenix arisen from the ashes.
June - We address the lack of knowledge concerning the role of host country languages in multinational corporations based on an inductive qualitative study involving 70 interviews with Nordic expatriates and host country employees HCE in China.
Although these three factors might seem rather intuitive, and the authors certainly are not the first to identify them, there is a surprising dearth of studies in the bibliometrics literature that attempt to disentangle the relative impact of these factors on citation outcomes.
Yet, this question is of considerable relevance in the context of academic evaluation. If citation levels of individual articles are determined more by what is published topic and who publishes it author rather than by where it is published journal , this would provide clear evidence that the frequently used practice of employing the ISI journal impact factor to evaluate individual articles or authors is inappropriate.
Download paper 2. November - This article aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive comparison of the coverage of the three major bibliometric databases: Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science. Based on a sample of senior academics in five broad disciplinary areas, we therefore provide both a longitudinal and a cross-disciplinary comparison of the three databases.
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Download paper KB - Publication details - Related blog post. September - In response to the somewhat paradoxical combination of increasing diversity in the global workforce and the resurgence of nationalism in an era of global mobility, this article aims to uncover how employees on international assignments respond to exposure to new cultures. August - The field of cross-cultural leadership has seen a boom in empirical research over the last few decades, yet we know very little about actual leadership behavior. Extant research has provided knowledge and awareness about differences and similarities in leadership attitudes, ideals, perceptions and preferences across countries and cultures. Findings from 1, leaders in 22 countries are presented and discussed. The respondents have ranked their preferred action alternatives for each of six leadership scenarios. The inter-country differences in action intent were significantly correlated with the culturally endorsed GLOBE leadership dimensions, supporting implicit leadership theory. Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of leadership scenarios in large-scale multi-country research and help shape a more fine-grained understanding of how leaders from different national cultures are likely to behave in common and salient leadership situations. August - Over the last 10 years, the use of experimental methods has received an increasing level of attention in the field of Management and International Business. Editors of major journals have encouraged its use. However, experimental research is still under-represented in the field of International Management and is even rarer in language research. Having said this, the topic of language has been studied in Cross-cultural Psychology, Psycho-linguistics, International Marketing and Cognitive Science, where experiments are used frequently.