Types of papers written in college
There are multiple different types of research papers. It is important to know which type of research paper is required for your assignment, as each type of research paper requires a different preparation. Below is a list of the most common types of research papers:. In an analytical research paper you pose a question and then collect relevant data from other researchers to analyze their different viewpoints.
Types of research papers
Janet Ruth Heller, Ph. Christopher J. Irving teaches English and rhetoric at Beacon. Previously, he taught English, reading remediation and the mechanics of writing as an adjunct professor at Palm Beach State College. He also served as a writing center consultant in the University Center for Excellence in Writing at Florida Atlantic University, where he developed a series of specialized English language online workshops focusing on grammar, sentence fluency, critical thinking, and analysis. Christopher McCarrick is a Professor of English at Clarion University, where he teaches courses for first-year writers and future English educators.
He also directs the University Writing Center. Erec Smith is a professor of writing and rhetoric at York College of Pennsylvania. He is also a former college writing center director. Kenya McCullum is a freelance writer with extensive experience covering topics such as education, the workplace, health, and legal issues. She has an M. College and high school students will write many academic essays throughout the course of their education, which helps to inform them about specific topics and sharpen the writing skills they need.
This guide provides information on the types of essays they may be required to write, how to conduct research and strategies for effective proofreading. High school and college students may be required to write a variety of essays.
The following provides an explanation of common types of essays, as well as resources where students can find more information. In an argumentative essay, students are expected to choose a subject, create a strong argument related to that subject and address the counterarguments to their position. To find material for these types of essays, students may be required to read published research on the topic or conduct their own by doing experiments, surveys or interviews.
The structure of an argumentative essay can vary. In some cases, argumentative essays are five paragraphs that consist of an introduction, three body paragraphs that address arguments and counterarguments, and a conclusion. In longer essays, students can delve deeper into the contextual issues related to the topic, as well as argue the points and counterpoints made throughout the essay. In order to successfully write an argumentative essay, students must be sure their topic is actually debatable.
Students should ask themselves whether or not others can argue against their position and come up with ways the opposition would respond. Also, in order for a topic to be debatable, it must be backed up by scholarly research and not be based on personal morality or cultural or religious standards.
Includes information about logical fallacies, rhetorical appeals, arguments and counterarguments, and the Toulmin and Rogerian methods. This site includes samples of argumentative papers with feedback about what makes the writing effective. Provides information on the structure of argumentative essays and how to create a complete argument. While other types of essays may give students the opportunity to use elaborate writing, descriptive essays really allow them to express themselves in a creative way.
This can be done by:. Although students have creative leeway when writing descriptive essays, they still need to follow certain rules. Like other essays, descriptive essays must be organized in a logical way. Students should also express themselves while still creating an essay that is easy for the reader to follow. Explains how to use concrete language, write vivid descriptions and include solid details in a descriptive essay.
In addition, there are links to sample papers for students to review. Advises students on how to show and not tell when writing a descriptive essay, as well as organize their work. An expository essay is designed to provide a deep dive into a topic to explain, describe or inform. This can be done by including an interesting anecdote, quote, dilemma, or statistic. The bulk of the expository essay will provide evidence for what has been asserted in the introduction. Each paragraph will start with one idea and then go on to explain that idea based on research that supports it.
To keep the essay on track, students must be sure that each paragraph of the body has a direct connection to the thesis statement. In the conclusion of an expository essay, students should revisit the thesis statement. However, instead of repeating it word for word, students should rework the thesis by incorporating the supporting evidence they presented in the body of the essay. This page has information on how to brainstorm an idea for an expository essay, develop a thesis statement, conduct research and write each part of the essay.
Maps out the structure of expository essays. Also includes prompts to help students create a thesis statement, the body of an essay and transitional sentences. This guide has information on expository essay structure, outlining, and body and concluding paragraphs. Narrative essays also give students the freedom to be creative as they are designed to describe a personal story.
Like descriptive essays, narrative essays should be filled with expressive language that sets a scene, explains thoughts and emotion, and uses sensory images to make the story real. In order to write an effective narrative essay, students should create a unified story that is centered around a fundamental idea, make sure the story being presented is written in a coherent way and end with a climax that illustrates the personal importance of the story.
Includes information on how to create a narrative introduction, as well as a checklist to help students stay on track when writing narrative essays. Advises students on how to write vivid descriptions and concrete details in narrative essays. Also, the site has sample essays to give students further guidance.
When applying to undergraduate or graduate programs, personal statements are an important way that students sell themselves to an admissions committee. Also called application essays and statements of purpose, personal statements may require prospective students to answer a specific question or write a general essay about themselves and their goals. General personal statements allow students to showcase their story in a compelling way.
These essays can be used to talk about academic experience, goals for the future, obstacles faced and the learning lessons that came with them, and accomplishments outside of the classroom. For personal statements that require an answer to a specific question, students should stay within the parameters of the question and, if necessary, do research on the subject before writing.
No matter what type of essay colleges ask for, students should be sure to tailor their personal statement to each individual school. Includes general advice for writing personal essays, as well as questions students should ask themselves to prepare for the writing process. Academic research is the foundation that any essay is built on. Without a strong research foundation, the content of an essay may not accomplish what it needs to.
This section provides information on how to find sources and evaluate their credibility. Archives are found at universities or historical societies. This is a digital library of research provided by the U. The results returned from this search engine include academic journal articles and other scholarly resources. A local or college library is a good place for students to start looking for credible sources. RefSeek, which is made with students and researchers in mind, is a search engine that includes scholarly results like encyclopedias, books, web pages and academic journals.
Conducting research is more than just collecting sources. In order to research properly, students must also evaluate the quality of the sources they find. The following tips from our experts can help. In other words, let the library and the databases do the initial vetting.
It requires patience, some imagination, more patience and a dash of common sense. Either way, they should not be used as legitimate sources. Also, analyze the URL for domain names. Blogging platforms—Wordpress, Blogger, Wix, Squarespace, etc. To be safe, refrain from citing such websites. After using the credible sources they have found, students are required to provide citations and a bibliography so their professors know where the information in their essays came from.
The following are some style guides that may be used when creating citations and bibliographies. Instructors will most likely include which style guide to use in the class syllabus.
But if students are unsure which citation style is appropriate, they should ask before completing their bibliography. The Associated Press style guide is designed for journalistic writing and is used by magazines, newspapers and public relations companies. Published by the Modern Language Association, this style guide is most often used in the humanities. This style guide, created by the University of Chicago, is used for historical research, as well as some areas of the humanities.
There are a variety of bibliography and citation generators online that can make crafting a bibliography simple. However, students should always double check the citations and bibliography for accuracy before turning in their papers. Allows users to generate citations for a variety of sources—from books to journal articles to newsletters—in Chicago, APA and MLA styles. This citation builder allows students to cite entire books or book chapters, as well as journals, and newspaper or magazine articles, in APA, MLA, or Chicago styles.
Once sources have been found and evaluated, students can create an outline to help them organize the information they found and lay out the contents of their essay in a logical way. If new ideas are discovered or new information is found during the writing process, the student should feel free to veer from a pre-established outline to improve the essay.
This type of outline is the most common and is formatted in the following order: Roman numerals, capitalized letters, Arabic numerals and lowercase letters. A decimal outline helps to show how each level relates to the entire outline. For example, the first section of a decimal outline may be formatted as 1.
Also known as topic outlines, macro outlines are made up of general phrases about a topic without going into detail. A micro outline, also called a sentence outline, is generally used for topics that are complicated in nature.
When using this outline, students use full sentences to organize the details they want to use in each section of the essay.
Provides details on how to write macro and micro outlines. Includes examples of what each type of outline should look like. This site explains what alphanumeric and decimal outlines are, and includes examples of how the outline is prepared.
As college and high school students navigate the essay writing process, they may make some common mistakes. The following are some that our experts warn students to avoid.
Expository essay. Argumentative essay.
Writing college papers is much simpler if you are organized and understand the type of paper you are writing. Essays, research papers and thesis papers are very different from creative writing projects, and it is important to understand each kind of writing. The college essay may vary in length, but it has a typical three-step format comprising an introduction, a body and a conclusion. The introduction of your college essay lays the groundwork for the rest of the essay.
Janet Ruth Heller, Ph. Christopher J.
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College Writing Guide
Although research paper assignments may vary widely, there are essentially two basic types of research papers. In an argumentative research paper, a student both states the topic they will be exploring and immediately establishes the position they will argue regarding that topic in a thesis statement. This type of paper hopes to persuade its reader to adopt the view presented. This type of paper hopes to offer a well-supported critical analysis without necessarily persuading the reader to any particular way of thinking. Example : a paper that explores the use of metaphor in one of Shakespeare's sonnets would be an example of an analytical essay. Search this Guide Search.
15 Types of Essays You Will Write In College
We explain you what is the difference between popular types of essay. Our essay classification guide is here to help you. Any genre of composition suggests freedom of creativity. There are many different types of essays. Each one requires a different structure or way of thinking. Understanding the types of essays is important. Examples of essays include analytical, argumentative, persuasive and creative. There are many different types of written composition, here you may check the list of the most widespread formats. This particular type of assignment consists of five paragraphs. An introduction, three parts of the body and a concluding part you may find among them.
A student may hate writing homework on particular subjects while writing specific types of essays might be fun. The main goal of each writing assignment is to meet the initial prompt.
College is a period of transition for high school graduates, giving them opportunities to manage their future and preparing them for professional success. However, as higher education enrollment numbers continue to climb, schools increasingly find that their students are ill-prepared for college-level work, particularly academic writing.
How to Write College Papers
The writing required in college courses may be different than anything you've encountered before. English classes taken in middle school, and sometimes in the early years of high school, provide the basics, but many students lose these skills before they begin college. In addition, for nontraditional students who haven't studied English in a while, making the transition to academic writing can be difficult. Professors in all majors expect students to enter their courses with high-level writing skills. A gap in skill level is often met with remedial English courses in the first semester of college. Use this guide to refresh your knowledge of basic grammar rules, and to understand what you need to know and apply in your college classes. This resource can also serve as a reference as you complete your first written assignments. There are different writing styles, each with a different purpose or audience. There are situations in which one style will be more appropriate than another, and there is a variety of strategies you can use to approach the work. This section of our guide provides an overview of the writing types you will likely encounter as a college student. Assignments that require you to support a position, claim or opinion involve a persuasive writing approach. These papers are framed with a thesis statement , which introduces a focused assertion. Examples include: "Fast food consumption is linked to heart disease in low-income communities," and "The chemicals used in pesticides pose the most significant threat to our health in the 21st century.
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One of the integral parts of college studying is writing different papers. There are lots of writing assignments given by different professors throughout the college years starting from entering a university, when you have to write an admission essay and finishing with graduating then you have to deliver a well written dissertation. And between them there are lots of different types of essays, labs, course works, reviews, presentations, research papers, etc. Writing a college paper requires some knowledge, writing and researching skills. The first thing college paper writing requires is a good research. Of course, there can be some assignments to write about your own life, feelings, thoughts, etc.
